Balloon Sinuplasty

Balloon Sinuplasty

What is sinusitis?

Many people suffer from sinusitis.  It is not unusual to have an occasional sinus infection.  However, we see patients who have frequently recurring and chronic sinusitis.  Many patients with a sinus infection have purulent, discolored thick and tenacious mucous coming out of their noses.  The amount of infected mucous which comes out of the nose is quite amazing, and there seems to be no end to the amount of drainage.  Other commons sinusitis symptoms include, nasal congestion and difficulty breathing through the nose.  Facial fullness and headaches can occur as well.  Your sense of smell is commonly decreased, and there is frequently a sense of not feeling well, sometimes feeling dizzy, fatigued and having difficulty concentrating.

Where are the sinuses?

The sinuses are made up of four interconnected hollow areas or air spaces of the skull — frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid and maxillary — which all open into the nasal cavity. The mucosal lining of the sinuses, generate mucus to keep the nose from drying out and to trap foreign substances. Each sinus has an opening that allows mucus to drain, and anything that obstructs that flow may cause a buildup of mucus and lead to a sinus infection.

Why are we prone to getting sinusitis?

People frequently get sinusitis because the sinuses do not ventilate very well.  The sinuses are air-filled spaces in the front of the face.  These spaces need to ventilate into the nose.  If the ability of the sinuses to ventilate is impaired, one is prone to getting a sinus infection.  Adequate sinus ventilation is necessary for healthy sinuses.  A similar situation is with children who get frequent ear infections.  The space behind the ear drum, called the middle ear space, ventilates to the back of the nose through the eustachian tube.  In some children, the eustachian tube does not allow for adequate ventilation of the middle ear space.  These children are prone to getting fluid and infections of the middle ear.  If the child gets frequent infections, ventilation tubes might be recommended.  These are small tubes placed in the ear drum so that the middle ear ventilates through the PE tube to the outside.  As soon as middle ear ventilation is restored, the middle ear fluid and infections resolve.

Poorly ventilating bathrooms are prone to chronic moisture problems and mildew build-up.  As soon as the bathroom ventilation is improved with an open window, an exhaust fan and a cross draft, the mildew and moisture problems clear up.

How do we treat sinus infections?

All sinus treatments have the goal of improving sinus ventilation.  This in turn will result in adequate sinus drainage of the infection and resolution.

There are essentially three tiers of treatment for sinusitis

  • Medical therapy: medicines are used to clear the infection.  Medications used may include saline nasal sprays, decongestants, allergy medications, nasal steroid sprays and antibiotics.  All of these medications decrease nasal and sinus inflammation resulting in improving sinus ventilation.
  • Sinus surgery: if medications do not resolve a sinus chronic condition, we might consider surgically opening up the nasal and sinus anatomy so that the infection can be mechanically cleared out, and the sinus ventilation can be improved with surgical means. Surgery is performed in the operating room under general anesthesia.
  • Balloon Sinuplasty: this is an option for some patients with chronic sinusitis, and is basically an option between medical therapy and surgical therapy.  With Balloon sinuplasty, a medical grade balloon is used to dilate the natural sinus drainage pathways with the intention of improving sinus ventilation.  This procedure is performed in the office under local anesthesia.

More about balloon sinuplasty:

Balloon sinuplasty is a minimally invasive procedure conducted by a qualified ENT physician on patients with recurrent acute sinusitis or chronic sinusitis whose symptoms have not responded to sinus medications and therapies. This therapy is similar to angioplasty, used by cardiologists to improve blood flow in the heart coronary artery. When the coronary artery becomes blocked, blood flow is decreased and this can predispose to heart attacks and angina. (chest pain). In selected cases, a cardiologist will open the clogged artery with angioplasty. He inserts a special medical grade balloon into the blocked artery, then inflates the balloon. This results in increasing the diameter of the balloon so that blood flow to the heart can be restored.

In a similar fashion, the blocked sinus drainage pathways can be corrected and opened up with balloon sinuplasty. We place a tiny balloon catheter into the nose and into the area of the blocked sinuses. The balloon is then inflated in order to open the sinus passageway. As an option, with the balloon catheter (tube) in the sinus, pus may be flushed. The balloon is then deflated and removed. The sinus ventilation port is permanently opened resulting in significantly improved sinus health with the intention of resolving the chronic sinus condition.

Balloon Sinuplasty offers an alternative to conventional sinus surgery. Both techniques are intended to improve sinus ventilation, however the balloon sinuplasty procedure is less involving.

  • It is performed in the office. (In comparison to sinus surgery which is performed in the operating room.)
  • It is performed with local anesthesia. (vs. general anesthesia for sinus surgery)
  • Balloon sinuplasty preserves the normal anatomy of the sinuses and mucosal tissue, and does not require any cutting or removal of bone and tissue. (sinus surgery involves removal of diseased tissue)
  • There is minimal recovery time.  Patients return to work in 1-2 days (longer recovery time for sinus surgery)
  • The risks are minimal. (surgery entails added risks not seen with balloon sinuplasty)

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